Timeline of ancient Indian history

Ancient India

Period: Prehistoric to AD 700

  • There were activities of Homo erectus in the Indian subcontinent 20 lakh years ago and of Homo sapiens since 70,000 BC.
  • The first inhabitants of Indian subcontinent might have been tribal like:
    • Nagas in North-East
    • Santhals in East-India
    • Bhils in Central India
    • Gonds in Central India
    • Todas in South India
  • These people speak Austric, pre-Dravidian languages like Munda and Gondvi.
  • Aryans and Dravidians are supposed to be immigrants who came later to the sub-continent.


 Palaeolithic Period (2 million BC – 10,000 BC)

  • Important Palaeolithic sites are Kaladgi Basin, Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, Kurnool Caves, and Narmada Valley,
  • Tools made up of limestone
  • Fire was discovered

Mesolithic Period (10,000 BC – 8,000 BC)

  • Microliths were found at Brahmagiri, Narmada, and Gujarat
  • Domestication of animals and Cattle rearing were started in this period
  • Significant climatic change happened

Neolithic Period (8000 BC – 4,000 BC)

  • Wheel discovered and agriculture was started in this period
  • Inamgaon is an early  Neolithic village
  • The major megalithic Sites are Brahmagiri and Adichanallur
  • Important Neolithic Sites:
    • Hallur(Andhra Pradesh)
    • Mahagara(Uttar Pradesh)
    • Maski
    • Paiyampalli(Andhra Pradesh)
    • Sangana Kaller
    • Utnur
    • Burzahom (Kashmir)
    • Chirand (Bihar)
    • Daojali Hading(Tripura and Assam)
    • Gufkral (Kashmir)
    • Kodekal
    • Koldihwa(Uttar Pradesh)
    • Mehrgarh (Pakistan)
    • Takkala Kota

Indus Valley Civilization (BC 2700 – BC 1900)

The was established around 3300 BC. It flourished between 2700 BC and 1900 BC (Mature Indus Valley Civilization). It started declining around 1900 BC and disappeared around 1400 BC.

Chalcolithic Period (4000 BC – 1,500 BC)

  • It is also known as Copper Age and considered part of Bronze Age.

Iron Age (BC 1500 – BC 200)

  • Vedic Period and Arrival of Aryans
  • Basic books of Hinduism, Vedas were composed in this period.
  • Rise of Jainism and Buddhism
  • Mahajanapadas
  • Magadha empire- Bimbisara of Haryanka Kula
  • Sisunga dynasty – Kalasoka (Kakavarnin)
  • Nanda empire – Mahapadma-Nanda, Dhana-Nanda
  • Persians – Greek arrival: Alexander 327 BC

Mauryan Empire (321-185 BC)

  • 22–298 BCE- Chandragupta
  • 298–272 BCE- Bindusara
  • 268–232 BCE – Ashoka
  • Mauryan Kingdoms was succeeded by
    • Sunga (181-71 BC)
    • Kanva (71-27BC)
    • Satavahanas (235-100BC)
    • Indo-Greeks, Parthians (19-45AD)
    • Sakas (90BC-150AD)
    • Kushanas(78AD)

To know more about the , check the linked article.

Gupta Kingdom (300AD – 800AD)

  • The was an ancient Indian empire
  • Samudra Gupta of Gupta kingdom is known as Indian Napoleon

Post-Gupta or Contemporary Gupta

  • The deterioration of Imperial Guptas, Magadha and its capital, Pataliputra
  • After the fall of the Guptas, five major centres of power immersed in snorth India
    • Harshvardana
    • Vakataka
    • Pallavas
    • Chalukyas
  • Also, Hunas, Maitrakas, Rajputs, Senas and Chauhans succeeded later.

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